Mykola Pyrohov
Read the text and complete the task below
Mykola Pyrohov (25 November 1810 – 5 December 1881) was a prominent scientist, medical doctor, teacher, and the member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1847). He is the founder of field surgery, and was the first surgeon to use anaesthesia in a field operation (1847). Pyrohov invented various kinds of surgical operations, and developed his own technique of using plaster casts to treat fractured bones. He is one of the most widely recognized physicians in the world.
Childhood and training
Pyrohov was born on 25 November 1810 in Moscow, Russia. He learned to read in several languages as a young child. His father died in 1824, leaving his family destitute. Pyrohov originally intended to become a civil servant, but the family doctor, Yefrem Mukhin, who was a professor of anatomy and physiology at Moscow State University, persuaded the authorities to accept him as a student aged only 14.
Despite limited experience at medical school, Pyrohov decided to specialize as a surgeon when he completed his studies in 1828. He completed further studies at the Imperial University of Dorpat, (Estonia), receiving a doctorate in 1832.
Years as doctor and field surgeon
In October 1840, Pyrohov took up an appointment as a professor of surgery at the academy of military medicine in Saint Petersburg, and undertook three years of military service in this period. He first used ether as an anaesthetic in 1847.
He worked as an army surgeon in the Crimean War, He was also the first to use anesthesia in the field, particularly during the siege of Sevastopol.
Return and retirement
He returned to Saint Petersburg after the end of the war, but withdrew from the academy. He wrote an influential paper on the problems of pedagogy, arguing for the education of the poor, non-Russians, and women. He returned to Crimea as a superintendent of schools and then moved to Kiev. In 1856, he retired to his estate in Vinnytsia. He treated the local people here, established a clinic, and learned the Ukrainian language. The composer Tchaikovsky was one of his visitors. He rarely left his estate. He visited the battlefields and
field hospitals of the Franco–Prussian
War in 1870, as a representative of
the Russian Red Cross, and was again
a field surgeon in the Russo-Turkish
War in 1877.
He last appeared in public on
24 May 1881, and died later that
year in Vinnytsia. His body is
preserved using embalming
techniques he himself developed,
and rests in St. Nicolas church in
Vinnytsia.
Task 1. Read the summary of the text and fill in the missing words
Mykola Pyrohov, a (1)_______________ scientist and surgeon, was born in Moscow in (2)________. After his father’s death the family was left (3)_________. Thanks to the protection of (4)__________________ Pyrohov became a student when he was (5)_______. After graduation, Mykola chose the speciality of a (6)_____________.He continued his (7)__________________ in Estonia, where he received (8)_______________ in 1832. Afterwards he became a (9)______________ and served in the army for (10)___________. In 1847 he first used (11)______________ in his operation. He continued to use anesthesia in the field during the (12)_________________. After the war he worked in the field of (13)_______________ and became a (14)________________________ in Crimea. Pyrohov came to his estate in Vinnytsia in (15)_______ and settled here. He learned Ukrainian and his patients were (16)____________. In his estate Pyrohov was visited by some outstanding people, e.g. (17)__________________. He resumed his work at the battlefield during (18)_________ and (19)_________. Mykola Pyrohov died in (20)____________ in Vinnytsia. His body is embalmed with the help of (21)____________ he developed himself. His body is still preserved in (22)______________